Hrdina a antihrdina ve státním zájmu (K typologii literárních hrdinů období polského baroka)

Abstract

v polske epicke literature 16. a 17. stoleti je velice aktmilni potreba nabidnout do jiste miry tradicionalisticky uvazujici slechte idealni vzor, hodny ll<isledovanL Polska spolecnost na rozdil od zapadoevropske, ktera uz v literarni tvorbe davno tradicni rytifske idealy opustila, diky strategicke poloze v tehdejsi vychodni Evrope, sferam politickeho zajmu a v neposledni rade i zamerne formovanemu m)'tu 0 Polsku jako predsunute baste evropskeho krest'anstva v souvislosti s tureckym ohrozenim, citi potrebu ozivit a novYm obsahem naplnit nekdejsi ideal Kristova rytire. K tomu rna prispet tradicni vypravna literami forma prevzata z antiky. Pfestoze zustalo zachovano vnitfui usporadani tehdejsi polske spolecnosti, z rytire se stal zeman, jeilZ byl v pfipade nejvyssi nouze ochoten vzit na sva bedra tidel vojaka, ale jen na nezbytne nutnou dobu a s nezbytnymi naklady a pak ocekaval, ze se vrati do klidu sveho dvora. Nedafi se tak vytvorit velky narodni epos, ktery by spliioval narocna a spolecensky potrebna kriteria, proto prichazeji ke slovu preklady a parafraze del evropsky proslulych autorU, v nichz se snoubi zvolna se formujici narodni tradice s jazykovou, ideovou a umeleckou originalitou. Vrchol tohoto snazeni predstavovala ve sve dobe parafraze Tassova Osvobozeneho Jeruzalema z pera barokniho polskeho...

Polish epic writing of the 16th and 1 i h century shows a marked effort to offer an ideal worth following to the, to a certain extent traditionalistic, aristocracy. Unlike the society in the Western Europe, whose literature had long abandoned the traditional knightly ideals, Poland, owing to its strategic position in the then Eastern Europe, the spheres of political interests and, last but not least, the intentionally formed myth of Poland as the bastion of European Christianity in relation to the Turkish threat, feels a need to revive the ancient ideal of the Knight of Christ and fill it with a new content. The traditionally exquisite literary form taken over from the antiquity is supposed to contribute to this. Although the internal structure of the then Polish society was unchanged, the knights had turned into landowners, who were willing to grasp arms in a situation of utmost need, but only for the necessary period and at the lowest possible costs, expecting soon to return to the quiet of their yards. This makes it difficult to create a great national epic meeting the demanding and socially required criteria; therefore, the period teems with translations and paraphrases of works by illustrious European authors, where the gradually forming national tradition combines with the originality of language,...