Česneky: evoluční mechanismy v jednom z druhově nejbohatších rodů jednoděložných

Abstract

Herein presented bachelor's thesis constitutes a literature-based research of the diversity, evolution and the current state of knowledge of the genus Allium of the family Amaryllidaceae. The first part provides an overview of morphological, biogeographical and cytological characteristics of the genus, while a separate section is dedicated to reproductive strategies (vegetative and sexual reproduction and apomixis). Based on the published literature, an up-to-date summary of the taxonomy on the subgeneric and sectional level is compiled, reflecting partial changes introduced since 2006, when the last genus-wide taxonomic revision was made. The second part of the thesis focuses on the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the evolutionary and biogeographical history of two model groups of species: firstly, representatives of the genus occurring in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region; and secondly, the European-Caucasian-Chinese section Daghestanica.

Pr ̌edkla ́dana ́ bakala ́r ̌ska ́ pra ́ce je res ̌ers ̌ı ́diverzity, evoluce a souc ̌asne ́ho stavu pozna ́nı ́rodu Allium (c ̌esnek) z c ̌eledi Amaryllidaceae. V prvnı ́ c ̌a 'sti je uveden pr ̌ehled morfologicky ́ch, biogeograficky ́ch a cytologicky ́ch charakteristik rodu, samostatna ́ podkapitola je ve ̌nova ́na reprodukc ̌nı ́m strategiı ́m (vegetativnı ́ a pohlavnı ́ rozmnoz ̌ova ́nı ́ a apomixie). Na za ́klade ̌ publikovane ́ literatury byl sestaven pr ̌ehled souc ̌asne ́ho stavu taxonomie na podrodove ́ a sekc ̌nı ́ u ́rovni, do ne ̌jz ̌ byly zahrnuty dı ́lc ̌ı ́ zme ̌ny, k nimz ̌ dos ̌lo od r. 2006, kdy byla publikova ́na poslednı ́ taxonomicka ́ revize na u ́rovni cele ́ho rodu. Druha ́ c ̌a 'st pra ́ce se soustr ̌edı ́ na evoluc ̌nı ́ mechanismy, ktere ́ hra ́ly roli v evoluc ̌nı ́ a biogeograficke ́ historii dvou modelovy ́ch pr ̌ı ́kladu ̊: prvnı ́m z nich jsou za 'stupci rodu v oblasti tibetske ́ plos ̌iny, druhy ́m pak evropsko-kavkazsko-c ̌ı ́nska ́ sekce Daghestanica.