Dynamics of EU Borders Externalization Policies in Libya. An Evaluation of the Support to Integrated Border and Migration Management in Libya.

Abstract

The management of migration has become a critical challenge for the European Union (EU) as mixed migratory flows continue to impact its borders. The EU has adopted an externalization strategy to address this complex issue, collaborating with non-EU countries to manage migration and secure its borders. Among these countries, Libya has emerged as a significant partner in the EU's efforts to address the humanitarian crisis unfolding in the Central Mediterranean region. This research investigates the dynamics and effectiveness of the EU's externalization strategy, focusing on the implementation of the Integrated Border and Migration Management (IBM) project in Libya. The study adopts an analytical framework for policy evaluation that assesses three crucial dimensions of the implementation of the IBM project: "goal achievement," "good governance," and "sustainability." The findings reveal both the achievements and shortcomings of the IBM project. Positive outcomes, such as increased apprehensions and the establishment of a Libyan search and rescue region, are evident. However, concerns arise regarding its long-term effectiveness, adherence to human rights standards, and limited transparency. To address these challenges, the study proposes recommendations for policy development. A comprehensive approach...