Intersubjectivity in The Early Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas

Abstract

Levinas orients his philosophy around a subject that is in constant struggle with its existence. Human existence, understood as a modality of Being, is belied by life's insecurities and sufferings. Being as such is not understood as perfect but as inherently flawed, and that is why a self-sufficient subject is not conceivable. On its own, it cannot ever transcend this condition. As a bearer of radical alterity, the Other offers the only possible way of transcending being. In this work, I explain the reasons behind this as well as the identity of the Other. Thus, ethics will be established as the most important basis of philosophy. Key words: Emmaunel Levinas, existence, Being, alterity, The Other, transcendence, ethics, intersubjectivity, metaphysics, ontology

Levinas orientuje svoju filozofiu okolo subjektu, ktorý neustále zápasí so svojou existenciou. Ľudská existencia, chápaná ako modalita bytia, je popieraná životnými neistotami a utrpením. Bytie ako také nie je chápané ako dokonalé, ale ako vnútorne chybné, a preto je sebestačný subjekt nemysliteľný. Sám o sebe nemôže tento stav nikdy transcendovať. Ako nositeľ radikálnej alterity ponúka Druhý jediný možný spôsob prekonania bytia. V tejto práci vysvetľujem dôležitosť, ako aj identitu Druhého. Týmto bude etika označená ako najdôležitejší základ filozofie. Kľúčové slová: Emmanuel Lévinas, existencia, bytie, inakosť, Druhý, transcendencia, etika, intersubjektivita, metafyzika, ontológia