Between the Exploitation and Benefit: International and Non-governmental Organisations in Intelligence Operations

Abstract

In some operations, national intelligence agencies decide to use International and Non- governmental organisations (INGOs) as a cover for intelligence gathering or covert action. Publicised cases of such operations show that while it can be effective in achieving intelligence goals, these operations might bring negative consequences to both actors. Using INGOs in intelligence action can break international law, be regarded as immoral or ethically questionable by society, damage the reputation of INGO and reduce public trust in the intelligence community. As a result, intelligence agencies should avoid taking advantage of INGOs. However, if it is unavoidable, intelligence agencies should put all the necessary efforts, that these cases would stay classified.