Artificial Intelligence and Export Controls: Challeging Traditional Understandings of Dual-Use and Intangible Technology

Abstract

AI is an omni-use intangible technology whose pervasive nature and constitutive features have the potential to upend the international system. However, the debate on how to control and regulate the technology is confused and misplaced. Arms control and non- proliferation scholarship tends to focus on AI's long-term risks at the expense of near-term solutions. This thesis argues that the regulatory debate must be refocused on AI's performative capabilities to ensure the technology is safe, secure, and aligned with humanity.