Teorie mysli u dětí předškolního věku

Abstract

Teorie mysli jakožto schopnost porozumet vlastní mysli i mysli druhého je predpokladem normálního fungování v lidské spolecnosti. Díky ní dokážeme vysvetlit a predvídat chování druhého, umožnuje nám sdílet významy, porozumet humoru a je základem sociálních interakcí vubec. Teorie mysli je porozumením subjektivite cloveka - skutecnosti, že nikoli objektivní stav vecí, ale jeho reprezentace je tím, co urcuje lidské chování.

Theory of mind, an ability to understand one's mind as well as that of others, is a prerequisite for normal functioning in the human society. It helps us explain and anticipate other people's behaviour, enables us to share meanings and understand humour and forms a base for all social interactions. Theory of mind is the comprehension of human subjectivity - the fact that it is the representation of things, not their objective state, that determines human behaviour. The ability to attribute mental states develops along with the age thanks to the maturing of cognitive structures and acquiring experience in the social area. The most significant changes of theory of mind occur in the preschool age as the child masters mental verbs and begins to understand second-order mental representations. Most researchers conclude that an important change in the quality of theory of mind takes place around the fourth year of age. It is at this time that the child begins to realize the difference between the subjective and the objective reality, which leads to understanding that our representations of the world may not be always correct and depend on our access to information. That is why the researches focusing on the development of theory of mind use a method that examines the ability to understand the false belief - the...