English modal verb "must" ("have to") and its Czech counterparts

Abstract

Tato pnice je zamerena na anglicke modalni sloveso must a jeho prekladove protejsky v cestine. Ma za cH jednak prozkoumat jeho uziti vanglictine ana tomto zaklade definovat jeho rUzne vyznamy, jednak klasifikovat nlzne zpusoby vyjadrovani nutnostni modality v cestine odpovidajici anglickemu must. Ve finalni fazi prace podava kontrastni analyzu formalne-semantickou, zalozenou na konfrontaci stanovenych vyznamu a prostredku vyjadrovani nutnosti se zamerem pokusit se urCit, ktere modalni vyznamy maji tendenci bYt vyjadreny kterymi ceskymi formalnimi prostredky. V teoreticke casti prace jsou nejprve definovany obecne pojmy podstatne pro tema prace, tj. modalita a modalni slovesa. Uvedeny jsou ruzne prostredky vyjadrovani modality vanglictine; vedle modalnich sloves se uplatiiuji tzv. semi-auxiliaries (have to) a modalni idiomy (be supposed to, be going to), prostredky lexikalni (adjektiva typu necessary, possible, adverbia jako perhaps. certainly) a gramaticke. V kapitole 2.2 jsou z obecneho hlediska charakterizovana modalni slovesa. Nejprve jsou vyjmenovany spolecne rysy modalnich sloves se slovesy pomocnymi, mezi ktere patfi tvoreni zaporu pridanim zapome castice not za sloveso, tvoreni otazky inverzi podmetu a slovesa, moznost uziti proformy daneho modalniho/pomocneho slovesa v kratkych odpovedich a tazacich...

The presented study focuses on the English modal verb must. It will attempt to explore its use in English and its corresponding Czech translation counterparts. The aim of this study is to examine the correspondences and differences between the uses of must and the respective Czech devices of expressing modality, in order to present a contrastive analysis of the means of expressing modality in both languages. In the theoretical part of the study, an overview of meanings, uses and functions of must in English with a focus on the extrinsic/intrinsic differentiation will be introduced. Its morphological features will be also described. This will be backed up by a short description of the concepts of modality and modal verbs. A brief outline of the situation in the Czech language will be also included, with the aim to introduce the points of contrast between the English must and the Czech modal verb muset, as well as the frequent use of modal particles/adverbs in Czech. In the empirical part, an analysis based on 179 occurrences of the verb must and its authentic counterparts in Czech will be provided. The analysis will be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the findings will be classified into the semantic subcategories according to the type of modality. The second stage will attempt to render a...