O času a způsobu modálních sloves v italštině ve srovnání s angličtinou

Abstract

The article deals with Italian and English modal auxiliaries, considered as non-grammatical competitors of grammatical means, i.e. the verbal mood, acting as indicators of different modal meanings. Within the modality of the utterance, defined as “the grammaticalization of a speaker’s (subjective) attitudes and opinions”, modal auxiliaries may not only be associated with epistemic and deontic modal meanings; they may also contribute to the expression of various illocutionary acts. Thus, they are observed on the borderline between different types of modality. The tense and mood of two Italian modal auxiliaries, potere and dovere, are investigated with the aim to demonstrate how their inflexional forms may correspond to several English modal auxiliaries expressing the same modal meaning. At the same time, the constructions with modal auxiliaries may be considered as analytical deontic and epistemic moods that contribute to the explicit indication of a particular modal meaning.