http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/96296 Special Issue 2026-04-19T14:28:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97325 Příklonky a vazaly infinitivu; Clitics and Infinitive Vassals ; ; Word order of Czech enclitics is quite difficult to acquire for studentsof Czech as foreign language. While native speakers can “hear” the correct word order, theforeigner needs a set of rules to guide him. The usual rule for the word order of fixed enclitics seemsto be breached quite often. The article focuses on one type of sentences in which the rule for theword order of fixed enclitics is violated, namely in sentences which except for a finite verb includean infinitive and consequently two series of enclitics. The finite verb and the infinitive each syntacticallygovern (are governor to) their respective enclitics which in turn are their subjects (recta). Ifthe infinitive is part of the sentence predicate, the enclitics follow the usual rule of word order unlessthe infinitive becomes part of the sentence rhema (comments). In that case its subjects precedeit. If the infinitive is not part of the sentence predicate (in other words it is subject, object or complement),precedes it then the infinitive subjects follow it. However, if the infinitive is not part ofthe sentence predicate, and is placed at the sentence end, then its subjects precede it. If the infinitivefunctions as an attribute to a noun, it follows the noun. If the nominal phrase N + infinitivestarts a sentence then the reflexive particle se/si follows the infinitive in 98% of cases. If the encliticpersonal pronouns occur in the reversed order, i.e. Acc.–Dat. order, or two dative enclitics followone immediately after another then the enclitics subjects are as close as possible to their regens/governor. The so-called contact dative, which does not have a governor, is not bound in this way 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97327 K jednomu aspektu evropanství a světovosti češtiny; One Aspect of the European and International Reputation of Czech ; ; This paper aims to commemorate,on the seven hundredth anniversary of the birth of Emperor Charles IV, significant milestonesin the history of Czech language, to point toward the usage of Czech in the present day and to recognizethe yet underutilized possibilities of onomasiological description of the spoken system of Czechas it relates to non-native speakers. This work would contribute to more effective teaching of Czech asa foreign language, especially for non-Slavic speakers. This paper is focused on (a) the presentationof significant language rules related to Czech and the role of Czech in communication (reminiscentof the Golden Bull of Charles IV, which established Czech as one of the official languages in the HolyRoman Empire). Next the paper examines (b) types of grammatical description (the synchronic anddiachronic approach, as well as comparative, descriptive, prescriptive, or semasiological grammar)with emphasis on both general and specific qualities of pedagogical grammar (reduction and simplificationof curriculum, the cyclical nature of grammatical interpretation, efforts toward understandabilityand learnability, application of curriculum, and pragmatism). Attention is then dedicated to(c) problematic explanations of Czech grammar in textbooks of Czech for foreigners (formalism, disproportionateattention to morphology and syntax, and similar issues). The paper concludes by considering(d) the advantages and possibilities of onomasiological description of the grammatical systemof Czech, beginning with what languages have in common (the semantic dimension) and endingwith how they differ (formal representation of meaning and the functions of communication). Onomasiologyallows for the introduction of competing ways to express grammatical categories (variedfrequency, stylistic connotation, among others). This method contributes to the effective interpretationof grammatical categories that do not have a parallel between the source and target languages.In regard to the methodology of this text, the analysis of scientific literature and textbook material isused, and the benefit of the onomasiological approach is hypothesized. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97326 Karel IV. a čeština; Charles IV and the Czech Language ; ; The text focuses on different aspects of the relation of CharlesIV of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, to the Czech language and otherlanguages. As is well known, Charles IV mastered German, Czech, French, Italian and Latin, in bothoral and written forms. He was also the author of many literary works (autobiography, legend, partsof chronicles, legal literature). In the Golden Bull (the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire),Charles IV set the Czech language as one of the three official languages of the Empire (together withGerman and Italian), promoted literature written in Czech and initiated the creation of Klaretovyslovníky. He sponsored the foundation of the Emmaus Monastery in Prague and its scriptorium,where numerous texts in Old Slavonic were created. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97322 Příspěvek ke kritické analýze reálií; Contribution to a Critical Analysis of Reálie ; ; The paper critically examines the concept “reálie”,used in the context of foreign-language teaching. The first part presents the results of the analysisof theoretical literature and assesses the way “reálie” are understood in selected textbooks. The papercriticizes the structuralist approach to the understanding of the concept “reálie”, which has beendominant in the theoretical literature on the subject. Based on the analysis, a new approach to theconcept “reálie” is suggested, which takes into consideration the pragmatic and social-practical aspectsthat play an important role in communication and in foreign-language teaching. Two fundamentaltypes of “reálie” are recognized, “high” and “low”, which correspond to two different functions:identificational and practical, respectively. The suggested classification reflects the differentinterests of the participants in the process of foreign-language teaching, i.e. on the one hand foreignstudents, and on the other teachers of Czech as representatives of the host society 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z