http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/96242 Issue 14 2026-03-12T22:11:55Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97160 Studium současné vegetace v Súdánu jako důležitý nástroj pro interpretaci archeobotanických výzkumů v severovýchodní Africe; ; ; Attempts at reconstructing past environments are an important part of archaeobotanical investigations. However, any interpretation of archaeobotanical data must be, among other things, based on a detailed knowledge of species behaviour in recent vegetation. To meet this requirement, we studied vegetation in the area surrounding archaeological excavations in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka, near the 6th Nile Cataract in the Sudan, based on sample-plots (relevés) in different habitats covering a gradient from dry rocks to the irrigated alluvial plain of the River Nile. The species composition variability clearly corresponds with the environmental gradient of water availability. In addition to that, the vegetation of the irrigated alluvial plain shows a clear difference in the management of the plots (fields versus scrubby edges). Plant species with a narrow niche were selected as potential diagnostic species for certain habitats, in contrast to species with a broad niche. However, we need to be cautious in making generalizations about this finding. Especially for reconstructing the remote past, the knowledge of the local environment would be insufficient. It is generally known that the Holocene climate differed distinctively from that of today. In reconstructing the older phases of the Holocene, it is necessary to investigate recent vegetation in areas situated much further to the south. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97140 Merojské královské město ve Wad Ben Naga; The Meroitic royal city at Wad Ben Naga; ; ; 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97081 Vysoká přehrada: projekt a jeho důsledky; The High Dam: the project and its consequences; ; ; The project of the High Dam at Aswan is a continuation of an ancient tradition. The Egyptian pharaohs since the earliest periods of the Egyptian history made an effort to control the use of water of the Nile inundation for the benefit of the country’s agriculture. Careful records of the height of the Nile flood, building of barrages and dams, and digging of irrigation canals all belonged to the ancient Egyptians’means of helping prosperity and avoiding crop failure even during the years of too high or too low inundation. Similar to the ancient projects, the modern buildings, such as the Aswan dam, also provided only a partial solution to the problem. The High Dam at Aswan on the other hand brought a lasting possibility of collecting water in a large artificial lake, and of its use in agriculture regardless of the actual yearly volume of the river. In addition, the production of electricity enabled the necessary industrial development of Egypt. Despite the benefits of the project of the High Dam for Egypt, however, a number of problems arose, including the urgent need of saving the monuments of Lower Nubia. The Egyptian call to the UNESCO was answered in 1959, and the international salvage campaign started soon after, in which – besides many other countries – the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology participated. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97040 Raně postmerojský pohřeb lučištníka z pohoří Sabaloka; ; ; In 2011, the expedition of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) excavated one of three tumuli on one of the settlement terraces at the late prehistoric site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-21) at Jebel Sabaloka and the Sixth Nile Cataract in central Sudan. The excavation brought to light a standard burial of an archer dated to the early post-Meroitic period with important series of archaeobotanical (pollen, macro-remains, charcoal) and palaeomalacological (land snails) data. The results of the multi-disci - plinary investigation of the tumulus discuss ed in this paper illustrate the marked, but so far only little exploited potential of these monuments, omnipresent in the archaeological land - scapes of central Sudan, for extending our knowledge of not only the burial rites, but also of the supra-regional distribution of artefacts, the character of the environment and, last but not least, of subsistence strategies in this particular period. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z