http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/96146 Volume 2016 2026-04-12T07:31:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97202 Volba determinantů v nominální anafoře — srovnání situace ve španělštině a češtině Erbenová, Adéla This study deals with issues of determiners in different types of nominal anaphora in Spanish and Czech. It analyzes the choice between demonstratives and the definite article in Spanish. As there is no definite article in Czech, speakers choose between demonstratives and the noun without any determiner. Our goal is to identify the factors that influence the choice of determiners in both languages and the similarities and differences between them. The results show that the situation in both languages is complex and that the definite article in Spanish sometimes corresponds to the null-determiner in Czech and sometimes to a demonstrative. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97101 Afázie v lingvistice, lingvistika v afáziologii Lehečková, Helena The aim of this paper is to show the place of aphasia in linguistic research and the contribution of linguistic theory to the study of aphasia. It begins by introducing certain aspects of neuroscience and its methods, which inform the medical typology and symptomatology of aphasia. The role of linguistics in multidisciplinary aphasiology is discussed both from the historical and the contemporary point of view. The second part outlines the linguistic approach to testing and treating aphasia and, with reference to two international comparative research projects, it describes the universal and languagespecific characteristics of aphasia. Finally, it presents the seminal result of a long-term study of agrammatism in Czech, namely the interplay between the typological character of the language and the manifestation of aphasia symptoms. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/96991 Několik poznámek k současné německojazyčné frazeografii Šichová, Kateřina; Šemelík, Martin Among linguists there is a lively interest in phraseology, which is still a relatively young branch of linguistics. However, its basic descriptive application, phraseography, whose task is to collect and describe phraseological expressions of a given language, is still a rather neglected area, at least in terms of integrating theory into practice. The paper reports on two relatively modern phraseological dictionaries of German and takes up the question of their user-friendliness. It examines the notion of phraseme in these dictionaries against the background of František Čermák’s conception of phraseology. Unsurprisingly, it turns out that both dictionaries are in need of substantial improvements if they are to become really effective tools for resolving language problems, which is the essential function of every dictionary. Nonetheless, some of the special features of Deutsche Idiomatik by Hans Schemann deserve recognition and make the dictionary exceptional. For this reason, the paper voices the need for a discussion of Schemann’s phraseographical works in Czech linguistics, or, more precisely, in Czech phraseography. In addition, the paper comments on DUDEN 11: Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik which is probably the most popular German dictionary of this type. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/96980 Etymologické dublety v španielčine a slovenčine Ulašin, Bohdan In Spanish, so-called learned words, derived from Latin, form etymological doublets with popular words, both of them tracing their origin to the same Latin etymon. While popular words have undergone many acoustic and sometimes semantic changes, learned words have been subject to only minor formal and, to a lesser extent, semantic alterations. Learned words are used mostly in specialized and technical terminology, sometimes in literary style. In Slovak there are very few etymological doublets because the main source of loanwords was neither its preceding Paleoslavic stage, nor Old Slavonic, or any other Slavic language. On the other hand, in Russian we can observe many loanword doublets consisting of popular words alongside Old Church Slavonic lexis. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z