http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/1905 Faculty of Social Sciences 2026-09-29T02:03:22Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/212658 Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv OSN a její porušování v oděvním průmyslu This master's thesis analyzes systematic violations of labor rights in the global garment industry from the perspective of international relations, specifically critical international political economy. The aim of the thesis is to identify structural mechanisms leading to violations of rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Labour Organization conventions, and to assess the potential of new forms of extraterritorial regulation to change these mechanisms. Methodologically, the thesis employs a comparative case study analysis of six cases: three production countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam) and three regulatory approaches (French Duty of Vigilance Law 2017, German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act 2021, EU CSDDD Directive 2024). The theoretical framework combines global value chain theory with critical international political economy. The findings document that rights violations are an outcome of power asymmetry, where purchasing practices of multinational corporations (price pressure, shortening of delivery times) function as mechanisms transmitting pressures onto working conditions. Variation among production countries is explained by state capacities and position in value chains, rather than by political regime. Soft law instruments systematically fail....; Diplomová práce analyzuje systematické porušování pracovních práv v globálním oděvním průmyslu z perspektivy mezinárodních vztahů, konkrétně kritické mezinárodní politické ekonomie. Cílem práce je identifikovat strukturální mechanismy vedoucí k porušování práv zakotvených ve Všeobecné deklaraci lidských práv a úmluvách Mezinárodní organizace práce, a zhodnotit potenciál nových forem extrateritoriální regulace tyto mechanismy změnit. Metodologicky práce využívá komparativní případovou analýzu šesti případů: tří zemí výroby (Bangladéš, Kambodža, Vietnam) a tří regulačních přístupů (francouzský zákon o povinnosti bdělosti 2017, německý zákon o dodavatelských řetězcích 2021, směrnice EU CSDDD 2024). Teoretický rámec kombinuje teorii globálních hodnotových řetězců s kritickou mezinárodní politickou ekonomií. Zjištění dokumentují, že porušování práv je výstupem mocenské asymetrie, kde nákupní praktiky nadnárodních korporací (cenový nátlak, zkracování dodacích lhůt) fungují jako mechanismy přenášející tlaky na pracovní podmínky. Variace mezi zeměmi výroby je vysvětlitelná státními kapacitami a pozicí v hodnotových řetězcích, nikoli politickým režimem. Nástroje soft law systematicky selhávají. Naproti tomu nová závazná legislativa sice disponuje vyšším potenciálem, avšak naráží na limity jurisdikční... 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/212826 Interpreting Population Decline: Exploring Right-Wing Populist Policy in Bulgaria and Romania and the Ideas Influencing Them Fertility rates worldwide are declining, and in many countries, they are below replacement levels, resulting in slowly ageing populations. As more and more states face the inevitability of population decline, it becomes increasingly important to understand how this phenomenon might affect internal political environments. This dissertation contributes to this by uncovering how population decline is understood and attempted to be legislated on in national political environments. It does so by examining how right-wing populist parties in Bulgaria and Romania, namely Vazrazhdane and the Alliance for United Romanians, interpret population decline as a policy problem and how these interpretations inform proposed legislation. The research draws on Vivienne Schmidt's discursive institutionalism to understand how policy and discourse are ultimately the product of firmly rooted ideas, and on Moffitt and Mudde to examine these ideas. These theoretical underpinnings are then applied to the two-party programmes and the 29 legislative proposals, shown to invoke demographic narratives in the period 2020-2025. The research finds that the parties propose policy based on an understanding of population decline as an existential threat to an ethnic nation and as a problem exacerbated by elite action. This research... 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/212812 Princíp solidarity v EÚ počas migračnej krízy This master's thesis analyses the application of the principle of solidarity in the European Union during the migration crisis of 2015 - 2016, focusing on the failure of the mandatory relocation quota mechanism. The aim is to explain why, despite solidarity being formally enshrined in EU primary law, this principle was not effectively implemented and became a subject of political conflict. The analysis is grounded in the theory of liberal intergovernmentalism and supplemented by the concept of rhetorical action. Using qualitative content analysis of legislative documents and political statements, the thesis examines the motivations of key actors, particularly the coalition advocating mandatory quotas and the opposition from the V4 group. The findings show that the failure of the quotas resulted from asymmetric interdependence, where the political costs of accepting migrants for V4 countries exceeded the costs of non-agreement. The thesis concludes that the principle of solidarity did not serve as a motivation for cooperation, but rather as a tool of rhetorical action. The coalition supporting mandatory quotas used it as a form of political pressure, while opponents reinterpreted the principle as so-called "flexible solidarity" to legitimize the protection of their own interests. From the...; Táto diplomová práca analyzuje uplatňovanie princípu solidarity v Európskej únii počas migračnej krízy v rokoch 2015 - 2016, so zameraním na zlyhanie mechanizmu povinných relokačných kvót. Cieľom práce je vysvetliť, prečo sa napriek formálnemu zakotveniu solidarity v primárnom práve EÚ nepodarilo tento princíp efektívne implementovať a prečo sa stal predmetom politického konfliktu. Analýza je ukotvená v teórii liberálneho intergovernmentalizmu a doplnená o koncept rétorickej akcie. Pomocou kvalitatívnej obsahovej analýzy legislatívnych dokumentov a politických vyhlásení práca skúma motivácie kľúčových aktérov, najmä koalície presadzujúcej povinné kvóty a odporcov zo strany skupiny V4. Výsledky ukazujú, že zlyhanie kvót bolo dôsledkom asymetrickej závislosti, kde politické náklady na prijatie migrantov pre štáty V4 prevyšovali náklady na nedohodu. Práca dospieva k záveru, že princíp solidarity neslúžil ako motivácia k spolupráci, ale ako nástroj rétorickej akcie. Koalícia presadzujúca povinné kvóty ho využívala na politický nátlak, odporcovia tento princíp reinterpretovali ako tzv. "flexibilnú solidaritu" na legitimizáciu ochrany vlastných záujmov. Z pohľadu logiky liberálneho intergovernmentalizmu, tak v kríze prevážil národný záujem nad nadnárodnými záväzkami. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/212804 Re/constructing Climate Apartheid: Environmental Othering and Slow Violence in Disputed Middle Eastern Territories Univerzita Karlova Fakulta sociálních věd Institut politologických studií Diploma thesis project Re/constructing Climate Apartheid: Environmental Othering and Slow Violence in Disputed Middle Eastern Territories. Name: Sara Chehade Academic advisor: Eliška Pohnerová Study programme: International Relations Year of project submission: 2026 I. Abstract The term "climate apartheid" has been used primarily to describe a passive structural condition in which wealthy actors insulate themselves from climate harm while poor communities bear disproportionate burdens. This framing, popularized by UN Special Rapporteur Philip Alston, treats environmental inequality as an unintended by-product of capitalism, colonialism, and uneven development. This thesis argues that such a passive framing obscures the active, coercive, and strategically violent dimensions of environmental domination in disputed territories. Drawing on constructivist and post-structuralist international relations theory, this thesis reconceptualizes climate apartheid as the deliberate and systematic production, maintenance, or exploitation of unequal environmental conditions for the purpose of segregating, subjugating, displacing, or immobilising a marginalised population. This definition centers three mechanisms: discursive and environmental... 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z