Číslo 12Issue 12http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/962392024-03-29T02:35:06Z2024-03-29T02:35:06ZNejvětší z lékařů : Hrobka Šepseskafancha, lékaře Horního a Dolního Egyptahttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/971322021-04-28T09:02:12Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZNejvětší z lékařů : Hrobka Šepseskafancha, lékaře Horního a Dolního Egypta;
; ; Zájemci o starý Egypt a archeologické výzkumy v Egyptě a Súdánu se často ptají, jak dlouho trvá učinit archeo - logický „objev“. Tento článek se bude zabývat jedním z takových „objevů“, a to hrobkou lékaře a kněze Šep - seskafancha. Rok 2013 byl v mnoha ohledech přímým pokračováním archeologických aktivit v jižním Abúsíru z roku 2012. Archeologické práce se soustředily i nadále na komplex kněze Neferinpua a princezny Šeretnebtej z poloviny 5. dynastie. Tento soubor hrobek (kombinace skalních hrobek a klasických mastab), postavený ve třech výškových úrovních, představuje i nadále, přes veškeré naše dosavadní úsilí, oblast, jejíž poznávání není ani zdaleka ukončeno, a archeologická překvapení se vynořují jedno za druhým. Na úvod je třeba ještě uvést, že než jsme se k této hrobce dopracovali, uplynulo od počátku výzkumu v těchto místech lokality více než deset let.; In September 2013 the Czech Institute of Egyptology started its fall excavation season in Abusir South. The Institute resumed work in the area in the immediate vicinity of the tombs of princess Sheretnebty and Nefer which have become famous, among other things, owing to the large numbers of unique stone statuary and the stela of Nefer, discovered and publicised world-wide only last year. In order to understand the complete history of this particular family cemetery which originated sometime during the reign of Niuserre and continued into the reign of Djedkare, the excavation moved to the northeast area where the entrance to the whole complex was uncovered. One of the oldest tombs discovered in this area of the cemetery so far belongs to the chief physician of Upper and Lower Egypt, Shepseskafankh. He had a rather impressive tomb built, of about 22 × 11.50 m in size, with limestone walls preserved to a height of about 3 m. A long corridor chapel with a unique monumental false door built of several blocks of limestone is located in the eastern part of the superstructure. The importance of the discovery lies in the fact that Shepseskafankh was one of very few, so far known, top-ranking physicians of the pharaohs of the third millennium BC Egypt. His titles detail Shepseskafankh as a friends of the House, chief physician of Upper and Lower Egypt, priest of Ra in the sun temple of Userkaf, Neferirkare and Niuserre, priest of Khnum “in front of Both Mansions of Life”, a priest of Magic, priest of Hathor in all her places, wab-priest of the king, keeper of secrets of His Lord, physician of the Great House, overseer of the foodofferings of the Great House, priest of Horus of Shenwet, Anubis, foremost of Sepa(-district), priest of the Red crown, priest of Khnum, foremost of the House of Life and the House of Protection – a designation which indicates his knowledge and the extraordinary position and respect he enjoyed at the royal court. Unfortunately, all burial chambers of the complex were heavily robbed and provided but a meagre amount of human remains. The historical importance of this discovery lies in the fact that Shepseskafankh belonged to a very few highest ranking physicians known from the era of the Old Kingdom pyramid builders who had a very close relationship with the ruling king. At the same time, his is already the third physician tomb discovered at the same cemetery in Abusir.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZHéliopolský bůh stvořitel Atum a jeho charakteristika ve Staré říšihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/970482021-04-28T09:02:12Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZHéliopolský bůh stvořitel Atum a jeho charakteristika ve Staré říši; The creator god of Heliopolis Atum and his Old Kingdom characteristic;
; ; Atum was one of the most important deities of the Egyptian centre of the sun cult, Heliopolis. He was venerated as the primeval god who created the world, gods and humans there. He is (so far) attested from the Old Kingdom onwards, and during the long period of Egyptian history he had acquired more and more roles, attributes and epithets. The number of sacred animals connected with him increased, too. The article concentrates on his original roles and the question where Atum’s origin is to be found. His Old Kingdom characteristic is based on various types of Old Kingdom sources, mainly the Pyramid Texts.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZFrantišek Lexa v Egyptě : Zpráva o studijní cestě zakladatele egyptologie v Československu do Egypta v letech 1930-1931http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/970302021-04-28T09:02:12Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZFrantišek Lexa v Egyptě : Zpráva o studijní cestě zakladatele egyptologie v Československu do Egypta v letech 1930-1931; František Lexa in Egypt: an account of the 1930–1931 study trip to Egypt undertaken by the founder of Egyptology in Czechoslovakia;
; ; František Lexa’s travel journal, his correspondence with his family, colleagues, and various institutions, and other archival documents studied in several archives in the Czech Republic are used in this study to reconstruct the preparation, course, and results of Lexa’s study trip to Egypt undertaken in 1930–1931, and thus to learn about the first encounter of one of the leading Czechoslovak orientalist with Egypt of the 1930s. Viewed in the context of his time, the documents also constitute an important testimony to the possibilities and difficulties of Egyptological research in Czechoslovakia in the first half of the 20th century.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZEgyptologická sbírka Hrdličkova muzea člověka Univerzity Karlovy v Prazehttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/970202021-04-28T09:02:12Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZEgyptologická sbírka Hrdličkova muzea člověka Univerzity Karlovy v Praze;
; ; The Egyptological collection of Hrdlicka’s Museum of Man, part of the Faculty of Science at Charles University in Prague, contains in addition to some ancient Egyptian artefacts mainly anthropological material, skeletal and mummified human remains. The anthropological material comes from ancient Egyptian sites – Deir el Medineh, el-Lisht, Kharga and Bahariya Oasis – and dates from the Middle Kingdom to the Roman Period. The article discusses the foundation of Hrdlicka’s Museum of Man and provides an overview of the creation of the Egyptological collections. Both mentioned topics are inseparably linked with the names of two world famous anthropologists of Czech origin – Ales Hrdlicka and Jindrich Matiegka. The article also provides an overview of all research and publications within the university collection.
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